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1 Samuel 21 interlinear

The Hebrew text of 1 Samuel 21 word by word, with each word’s gloss, a short parsing and its Strong’s number, and the King James Version for comparison.

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1 Samuel 21:1

Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

וַיָּבֹאand he wentConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH935דָוִדDavidname m individualH1732נֹבֶהNob towardsname Location + Directional sfxH5011אֶל־toprepH413אֲחִימֶלֶךְAhimelechname m individualH288הַכֹּהֵןthe priestart + noun sg m absH3548וַיֶּחֱרַדand he trembledConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH2729אֲחִימֶלֶךְAhimelechname m individualH288לִקְרַאתto meetprep + verb Qal inf cstrH7122דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559לוֹto the himprep Definite + sfx 3 sg mH9033מַדּוּעַwhy?Interrogative ParticleH4069אַתָּה[are] youpron 2 sg mH859לְבַדֶּךָto alone youprep + noun sg m cstr + sfx 2 sg mH905וְאִישׁand [is] anyoneconj + noun sg m absH376אֵיןthere notnoun sg m cstrH369אִתָּךְ׃with youprep Definite + sfx 2 sg mH854

1 Samuel 21:2

And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place.

וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732לַאֲחִימֶלֶךְto Ahimelechprep + name m individualH288הַכֹּהֵןthe priestart + noun sg m absH3548הַמֶּלֶךְthe kingart + noun sg m absH4428צִוַּנִיhe commanded meverb Piel perf 3 sg m + sfx 1 sg cH6680דָבָרa matternoun sg m absH1697וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559אֵלַיto meprep Definite + sfx 1 sg cH413אִישׁanyonenoun sg m absH376אַל־may notNegative ParticleH408יֵדַעhe knowverb Qal impf 3 sg mH3045מְאוּמָהanythingnoun sg f absH3972אֶת־obj.Object indicatorH853הַדָּבָרthe matterart + noun sg m absH1697אֲשֶׁר־whichRelative ParticleH834אָנֹכִיIpron 1 sg cH595שֹׁלֵחֲךָ[am] sending youverb Qal ptc sg m cstr + sfx 2 sg mH7971וַאֲשֶׁרand whichconj + Relative ParticleH834צִוִּיתִךָI have commanded youverb Piel perf 1 sg c + sfx 2 sg mH6680וְאֶת־and obj.conj + Object indicatorH853הַנְּעָרִיםthe young menart + noun pl m absH5288יוֹדַעְתִּיI have directedverb Pual perf 1 sg cH3045אֶל־toprepH413מְקוֹםa place ofnoun sg m cstrH4725פְּלֹנִיa certain onenoun sg m absH6423אַלְמוֹנִי׃a certain onenoun sg m absH492

1 Samuel 21:3

Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present.

וְעַתָּהand thereforeconj + advH6258מַה־what?Interrogative pronH4100יֵּשׁ[is] thereNumerical adj sg c absH3426תַּחַת־undernoun sg m cstrH8478יָדְךָhand yournoun sg c cstr + sfx 2 sg mH3027חֲמִשָּׁה־fivenoun sg c absH2568לֶחֶםbread[s]noun sg m absH3899תְּנָהgive !verb Qal impv 2 sg m + Paragogic HéH5414בְיָדִיin hand myprep + noun sg c cstr + sfx 1 sg cH3027אוֹorconjH176הַנִּמְצָא׃that [which] may be foundart + verb Niphal ptc sg m absH4672

1 Samuel 21:4

And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women.

וַיַּעַןand he answeredConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH6030הַכֹּהֵןthe priestart + noun sg m absH3548אֶת־obj.Object indicatorH853דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559אֵין־there notnoun sg m cstrH369לֶחֶם[is] bread ofnoun sg m cstrH3899חֹלprofanenessadj sg m absH2455אֶל־toprepH413תַּחַתundernoun sg m cstrH8478יָדִיhand mynoun sg c cstr + sfx 1 sg cH3027כִּי־thatConditional ParticleH3588אִם־exceptConditional ParticleH518לֶחֶם[is] bread ofnoun sg m cstrH3899קֹדֶשׁholinessnoun sg m absH6944יֵשׁthereNumerical adj sg c absH3426אִם־ifConditional ParticleH518נִשְׁמְרוּthey have kept themselvesverb Niphal perf 3 pl cH8104הַנְּעָרִיםthe young menart + noun pl m absH5288אַךְonlyadvH389מֵאִשָּׁה׃ פfrom a womanprep + noun sg f absH802

1 Samuel 21:5

And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel.

וַיַּעַןand he answeredConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH6030דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732אֶת־obj.Object indicatorH853הַכֹּהֵןthe priestart + noun sg m absH3548וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559לוֹto the himprep Definite + sfx 3 sg mH9033כִּיthatConditional ParticleH3588אִם־exceptConditional ParticleH518אִשָּׁהwomannoun sg f absH802עֲצֻרָה־[is] withheldverb Qal ptc passive sg f absH6113לָנוּto the usprep Definite + sfx 1 pl cH9035כִּתְמוֹלas yesterdayprep + noun sg m absH8543שִׁלְשֹׁםthree days agonoun sg m absH8032בְּצֵאתִיwhen go out Iprep + verb Qal inf cstr + sfx 1 sg cH3318וַיִּהְיוּand they wereConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 pl mH1961כְלֵי־[the] vessels ofnoun pl m cstrH3627הַנְּעָרִיםthe young menart + noun pl m absH5288קֹדֶשׁholinessnoun sg m absH6944וְהוּאand itconj + pron 3 sg mH1931דֶּרֶךְ[is] a journey ofnoun sg c cstrH1870חֹלprofanenessadj sg m absH2455וְאַףand indeed?conj + InterjectionH637כִּיforConditional ParticleH3588הַיּוֹםthis dayart + noun sg m absH3117יִקְדַּשׁit is holyverb Qal impf 3 sg mH6942בַּכֶּלִי׃in the vesselprep Definite + noun sg m absH3627

1 Samuel 21:6

So the priest gave him hallowed for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

וַיִּתֶּן־and he gaveConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH5414לוֹto the himprep Definite + sfx 3 sg mH9033הַכֹּהֵןthe priestart + noun sg m absH3548קֹדֶשׁa holy thingnoun sg m absH6944כִּיforConditional ParticleH3588לֹא־notNegative ParticleH3808הָיָהit wasverb Qal perf 3 sg mH1961שָׁםthereadvH8033לֶחֶםbreadnoun sg m absH3899כִּי־thatConditional ParticleH3588אִם־exceptConditional ParticleH518לֶחֶם[the] bread ofnoun sg m cstrH3899הַפָּנִיםthe presenceart + noun pl m absH6440הַמּוּסָרִיםwhich had been removedart + verb Hophal ptc passive pl m absH5493מִלִּפְנֵיfrom to beforeprep + prep + noun pl m cstrH6440יְהוָהYahwehname TitleH3068לָשׂוּםto putprep + verb Qal inf cstrH7760לֶחֶםbread ofnoun sg m cstrH3899חֹםheatnoun sg m absH2527בְּיוֹםon [the] dayprep + noun sg m cstrH3117הִלָּקְחוֹ׃was taken away itverb Niphal inf cstr + sfx 3 sg mH3947

1 Samuel 21:7

Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul.

וְשָׁםand thereconj + advH8033אִישׁa mannoun sg m absH376מֵעַבְדֵיone of [the] servants ofprep + noun pl m cstrH5650שָׁאוּלSaulname m individualH7586בַּיּוֹםon the dayprep Definite + noun sg m absH3117הַהוּאthe thatart + pron 3 sg mH1931נֶעְצָר[was] detainedverb Niphal ptc sg m absH6113לִפְנֵיto beforeprep + noun pl m cstrH6440יְהוָהYahwehname TitleH3068וּשְׁמוֹand name hisconj + noun sg m cstr + sfx 3 sg mH8034דֹּאֵג[was] Doegname m individualH1673הָאֲדֹמִיthe Edomiteart + noun Gentilic sg m absH130אַבִּיר[the] mighty [one] ofadj sg m cstrH47הָרֹעִיםthe shepherdsart + verb Qal ptc pl m absH7462אֲשֶׁרwhoRelative ParticleH834לְשָׁאוּל׃[belonged] to Saulprep + name m individualH7586

1 Samuel 21:8

And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king’s business required haste.

וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732לַאֲחִימֶלֶךְto Ahimelechprep + name m individualH288וְאִיןand where?conj + Interrogative ParticleH371יֶשׁ־thereNumerical adj sg c absH3426פֹּהhereadvH6311תַחַת־undernoun sg m cstrH8478יָדְךָhand yournoun sg c cstr + sfx 2 sg mH3027חֲנִית[is] a spearnoun sg f absH2595אוֹ־orconjH176חָרֶבa swordnoun sg f absH2719כִּיforConditional ParticleH3588גַם־bothadvH1571חַרְבִּיsword mynoun sg f cstr + sfx 1 sg cH2719וְגַם־and as well asconj + advH1571כֵּלַיweapons mynoun pl m cstr + sfx 1 sg cH3627לֹא־notNegative ParticleH3808לָקַחְתִּיI tookverb Qal perf 1 sg cH3947בְיָדִיin hand myprep + noun sg c cstr + sfx 1 sg cH3027כִּי־forConditional ParticleH3588הָיָהit wasverb Qal perf 3 sg mH1961דְבַר־[the] matter ofnoun sg m cstrH1697הַמֶּלֶךְthe kingart + noun sg m absH4428נָחוּץ׃ סurgentverb Qal ptc passive sg m absH5169

1 Samuel 21:9

And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559הַכֹּהֵןthe priestart + noun sg m absH3548חֶרֶב[the] sword ofnoun sg f cstrH2719גָּלְיָתGoliathname m individualH1555הַפְּלִשְׁתִּיthe Philistineart + noun Gentilic sg m absH6430אֲשֶׁר־whomRelative ParticleH834הִכִּיתָyou struck downverb Hiphil perf 2 sg mH5221בְּעֵמֶקin [the] valley ofprep + noun sg m cstrH6010הָאֵלָהthe Elahart + noun sg f absH425הִנֵּה־here!InterjectionH2009הִיאitpron 3 sg fH1931לוּטָה[is] wrappedverb Qal ptc passive sg f absH3874בַשִּׂמְלָהin the cloakprep Definite + noun sg f absH8071אַחֲרֵיbehindNumerical adj pl m cstrH310הָאֵפוֹדthe ephodart + noun sg m absH646אִם־ifConditional ParticleH518אֹתָהּobj. itObject indicator + sfx 3 sg fH853תִּקַּח־you will takeverb Qal impf 2 sg mH3947לְךָfor the yourselfprep Definite + sfx 2 sg mH9031קָחtake [it]verb Qal impv 2 sg mH3947כִּיforConditional ParticleH3588אֵיןthere notnoun sg m cstrH369אַחֶרֶת[is] anotheradj sg f absH312זוּלָתָהּexcept itnoun sg f cstr + sfx 3 sg fH2108בָּזֶהin this [place]prep + Demonstrative ParticleH2088וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732אֵיןthere notnoun sg m cstrH369כָּמוֹהָ[is] like itprep Definite + sfx 3 sg fH3644תְּנֶנָּהgive itverb Qal impv 2 sg m + sfx 3 sg fH5414לִּי׃to the meprep Definite + sfx 1 sg cH9030

1 Samuel 21:10

And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

וַיָּקָםand he aroseConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH6965דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732וַיִּבְרַחand he fledConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH1272בַּיּוֹם־on the dayprep Definite + noun sg m absH3117הַהוּאthe thatart + pron 3 sg mH1931מִפְּנֵיfrom beforeprep + noun pl m cstrH6440שָׁאוּלSaulname m individualH7586וַיָּבֹאand he wentConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH935אֶל־toprepH413אָכִישׁAchishname m individualH397מֶלֶךְ[the] king ofnoun sg m cstrH4428גַּת׃Gathname LocationH1661

1 Samuel 21:11

And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

וַיֹּאמְרוּand they saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 pl mH559עַבְדֵי[the] servants ofnoun pl m cstrH5650אָכִישׁAchishname m individualH397אֵלָיוto himprep Definite + sfx 3 sg mH413הֲלוֹא־¿ notInterrogative Particle + Negative ParticleH3808זֶה[is] thisDemonstrative ParticleH2088דָוִדDavidname m individualH1732מֶלֶךְ[the] king ofnoun sg m cstrH4428הָאָרֶץthe landart + noun sg f absH776הֲלוֹא¿ notInterrogative Particle + Negative ParticleH3808לָזֶהof this [one]prep + Demonstrative ParticleH2088יַעֲנוּdo people singverb Qal impf 3 pl mH6030בַמְּחֹלוֹתwith the dancesprep Definite + noun pl f absH4246לֵאמֹרto sayingprep + verb Qal inf cstrH559הִכָּהhe has struck downverb Hiphil perf 3 sg mH5221שָׁאוּלSaulname m individualH7586בַּאֲלָפָיוon thousands hisprep + noun pl c cstr + sfx 3 sg mH505וְדָוִדand Davidconj + name m individualH1732בְּרִבְבֹתָיו׃on ten thousands hisprep + noun pl f cstr + sfx 3 sg mH7233

1 Samuel 21:12

And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

וַיָּשֶׂםand he putConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH7760דָּוִדDavidname m individualH1732אֶת־obj.Object indicatorH853הַדְּבָרִיםthe wordsart + noun pl m absH1697הָאֵלֶּהthe theseart + Demonstrative ParticleH428בִּלְבָבוֹin heart hisprep + noun sg m cstr + sfx 3 sg mH3824וַיִּרָאand he was afraidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH3372מְאֹדexceedinglyadj sg m absH3966מִפְּנֵיof the face ofprep + noun pl m cstrH6440אָכִישׁAchishname m individualH397מֶלֶךְ־[the] king ofnoun sg m cstrH4428גַּת׃Gathname LocationH1661

1 Samuel 21:13

And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

וַיְשַׁנּוֹand he changed itConsecutive conj + verb Piel Consecutive impf 3 sg m + sfx 3 sg mH8138אֶת־obj.Object indicatorH853טַעְמוֹsense hisnoun sg m cstr + sfx 3 sg mH2940בְּעֵינֵיהֶםin view theirprep + noun du f cstr + sfx 3 pl mH5869וַיִּתְהֹלֵלand he pretended to be madConsecutive conj + verb Hithpael Consecutive impf 3 sg mH1984בְּיָדָםin hand theirprep + noun sg c cstr + sfx 3 pl mH3027וַיְתָיוand he made marksConsecutive conj + verb Piel Consecutive impf 3 sg mH8427עַל־onprepH5921דַּלְתוֹת[the] doors ofnoun pl f cstrH1817הַשַּׁעַרthe gateart + noun sg m absH8179וַיּוֹרֶדand he made to flow downConsecutive conj + verb Hiphil Consecutive impf 3 sg mH3381רִירוֹspittle hisnoun sg m cstr + sfx 3 sg mH7388אֶל־toprepH413זְקָנוֹ׃beard hisnoun sg m cstr + sfx 3 sg mH2206

1 Samuel 21:14

Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

וַיֹּאמֶרand he saidConsecutive conj + verb Qal Consecutive impf 3 sg mH559אָכִישׁAchishname m individualH397אֶל־toprepH413עֲבָדָיוservants hisnoun pl m cstr + sfx 3 sg mH5650הִנֵּהthere!InterjectionH2009תִרְאוּyou seeverb Qal impf 2 pl mH7200אִישׁa mannoun sg m absH376מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַbehaving like a madmanverb Hithpael ptc sg m absH7696לָמָּהto why?prep + Interrogative pronH4100תָּבִיאוּdo you bringverb Hiphil impf 2 pl mH935אֹתוֹobj. himObject indicator + sfx 3 sg mH853אֵלָי׃to meprep Definite + sfx 1 sg cH413

1 Samuel 21:15

Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?

חֲסַרlacking ofadj sg m cstrH2638מְשֻׁגָּעִיםmadmenverb Pual ptc passive pl m absH7696אָנִי[am] I?pron 1 sg cH589כִּי־thatConditional ParticleH3588הֲבֵאתֶםyou have broughtverb Hiphil perf 2 pl mH935אֶת־obj.Object indicatorH853זֶהthis oneDemonstrative ParticleH2088לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּעַto behave like a madmanprep + verb Hithpael inf cstrH7696עָלָיon meprep Definite + sfx 1 sg cH5921הֲזֶה¿ this oneInterrogative Particle + Demonstrative ParticleH2088יָבוֹאwill he comeverb Qal impf 3 sg mH935אֶל־intoprepH413בֵּיתִי׃ סhouse mynoun sg m cstr + sfx 1 sg cH1004
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Hebrew: Leningrad Codex. Tagging, glosses and parsing: STEPBible.org, Tyndale House Cambridge (TAHOT, TAGNT; CC BY 4.0), adapted. Strong’s numbers link to word studies.